Terrorist organizations in West Africa deployed more drones for surveillance and attacks, as Islamic State affiliates expanded operations. Groups raised concerns by fighting from the skies. Analysts reported this trend in 2025.
Background on Drone Adoption
Non-state armed groups adopted unmanned aerial systems primarily for intelligence and propaganda. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research detailed how African groups used drones opportunistically. However ties to global networks facilitated knowledge transfer.
Islamic State West Africa Province Activities
Islamic State West Africa Province, known as ISWAP, emerged as a key user. The group employed drones for reconnaissance since 2014. ISWAP tested systems for explosive delivery, according to the Institute for Security Studies.
In March 2025, militants conducted a coordinated attack with weaponized drones on Nigerian forces in Borno state. Soldiers died, and equipment suffered destruction.
Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal Muslimeen Operations
Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal Muslimeen, or JNIM, escalated drone strikes in Mali and Burkina Faso. The group used first-person view drones to drop improvised explosives. In February 2025, JNIM targeted military posts in Djibo. Additionally six attacks occurred in March, killing one militia member in Mali’s Segou area.
Al-Shabaab and Other Affiliates
Al-Shabaab in Somalia intercepted drones during reconnaissance in Galgaduud in February 2025. Islamic State in Somalia Province launched drone strikes against Puntland forces in early 2025. Meanwhile Islamic State Sahel Province claimed attacks in Niger’s Dosso region in May.
Security Implications
Experts warned of acute risks as drones became accessible. The Global Network on Extremism and Technology noted sophistication increases. Governments launched counterstrikes, but violence persisted.
