Canada has clarified the age requirements for foreign nationals seeking Canadian citizenship. Applicants must be at least 18 to use the adult citizenship application process.
However, children and teenagers under 18 can still become Canadian citizens. They must apply through separate pathways designed for minors.
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) outlines two routes for underage applicants. These are known as Minor 5(2) and Minor 5(1).
The correct pathway depends on the child’s family circumstances. It also determines who can submit the application.
Two Citizenship Pathways Available for Minors
The Minor 5(2) pathway covers children with a Canadian parent. It also applies when a parent applies for citizenship alongside the child.
Under this category, a biological parent, adoptive parent or legal guardian must submit the application.
The child must also hold permanent resident status. They must not face any citizenship prohibition.
Meanwhile, Minor 5(1) covers children without a Canadian parent. It also applies when neither parent seeks citizenship alongside them.
A wider range of adults can apply on the child’s behalf. This includes people with legal custody, even if they are not Canadian citizens.
In certain circumstances, a minor can apply independently. This applies when no suitable adult can submit the application.
Additional Requirements for Children and Teenagers
Children applying through Minor 5(1) face additional eligibility requirements. They must hold permanent resident status and meet Canada’s physical presence rules.
Applicants may also need to show that they filed Canadian income tax returns. This depends on their individual circumstances.
IRCC also sets specific requirements for teenagers aged 14 to 17. Those whose applications receive approval must take the citizenship oath.
Children below 14 do not need to take the oath.
What Adult Applicants Must Meet
Foreign nationals applying through the adult route must satisfy several conditions. They must hold permanent resident status and meet the residency requirement.
Applicants generally need at least 1,095 days in Canada during the previous five years. They may also need to meet applicable tax-filing requirements.
Applicants aged 18 to 54 must demonstrate knowledge of English or French. They must also pass a citizenship test on Canada’s history, government and civic responsibilities.
Applicants aged 55 and above do not need to meet those language and test requirements.
The clarification means that Canada’s adult citizenship route begins at 18. However, younger applicants still have options through the country’s minor citizenship pathways.
IRCC advises applicants and families to review its official guidance. They should confirm the requirements before submitting their applications.
