Expert Warns of Growing Crisis
A professor at Lagos State University, Olanrewaju Ajiboye, has warned that about 25 million elderly Nigerians may face poverty and poor support by 2050.
Nigeria currently has over 14.8 million people aged 60 and above. This group represents about five per cent of the population. Experts expect the number to rise sharply in the coming decades.
Low Life Expectancy Limits Senior Population
According to United Nations data for 2025, Nigeria’s life expectancy stands at 54.9 years. This remains one of the lowest globally.
The figure explains why older citizens form a small share of the population despite steady growth.
Poverty and Weak Systems Drive Hardship
Ajiboye linked the worsening condition of elderly Nigerians to poverty, weak social security, and the decline of extended family support.
Data from the World Bank shows that Nigeria’s poverty rate reached 63 per cent in April 2025. About 140 million people now live in poverty, with older citizens among the most affected.
Rural Elderly Face Greater Challenges
About 64 per cent of older Nigerians live in rural areas. Many depend on family support due to limited government assistance.
However, changing family structures and economic pressure have reduced this support system.
Pension Delays and Income Loss Persist
Nigeria lacks a strong welfare system for retirees. Pension payments often face delays and corruption.
A report by the Bureau of Public Service Reforms in April 2026 revealed that 40 to 49 per cent of public servants die shortly after retirement. Stress, poverty, and unpaid benefits contribute to this trend.
Workers in the informal sector face even greater risks. Many lose their income completely after retirement and must continue working under harsh conditions.
Healthcare Access Remains Limited
Elderly Nigerians face rising cases of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. However, access to affordable healthcare remains poor.
Public hospitals struggle with funding and overcrowding. Private healthcare costs remain too high for most citizens. Rural areas face severe shortages of medical staff and facilities.
Pressure Mounts on Younger Generations
The burden of caring for ageing parents continues to grow. Economic hardship has increased the strain on families.
This pressure has also contributed to rising migration, often called the “japa” trend, as young Nigerians seek better opportunities abroad.
Government Efforts Show Slow Progress
Nigeria introduced the National Senior Citizens Act in 2017. The law created the National Senior Citizens Centre to improve elderly welfare.
Some states have started implementation. In 2025, Abia State Governor Alex Otti approved free healthcare and stipends for citizens aged 60 and above.
However, adoption across states remains slow.
Call for Urgent Policy Action
Experts say Nigeria must act quickly to protect its ageing population. Stronger social protection, better healthcare, and community partnerships are essential.
Without urgent reforms, millions of elderly Nigerians may face hardship and exclusion in the coming years.
